Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.     

含气率对PTS时压力容器内流动与传热的影响

本文对反应堆压力容器紧急安注时的流动与传热特性在1/10的模型上进行了流动可视化、局部传热系数以及混合函数的试验研究。针对三个热冲击敏感区域的部分测点,比较了环腔流速为0.5m/s、安注流速为1～30 m/s时不同含气率对下降环腔内流动与传热特性的影响,得出并分析了不同测点传热系数、混合函数的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着含气率增大,安注流体与环腔流体的混合增强;下降环腔内的含气率对小安注流速时的流动与传热影响显著,而对大安注流速时影响较小。     

关于绝对半素环和绝对半素根

本文了绝对半素环的概念，研究了绝对半素与与半素环及素环之间的关系，讨论了由全体绝对半素环类决定的上根－－绝对半半素根及其性质。     

Studies on basicity of alkali metal catron exchanged β and X zeolites by pyrrole-IR spectroscopy

The strength of basic sites has been measured by pyrrole-IR on alkali metal cation exchanged β and X zeolites, as well as NaOH loaded Naβ. The influence of cation type and the structure of zeolites on their basicity has been studied. The acidic and basic properties of the samples were investigated by NH3-TPD and isopropanol reaction. It was shown that the strength of basic sites on samples could be characterized by the shift of vNH band in the pyrrole-IR spectra. The framework oxygen charges were calculated from the Sanderson electronegativity. The changes in basic properties with various alkali metal cation are consistent with the changes of local oxygen charges of the zeolite framework.     

Nd2Fe14B化合物磁晶各向异性起源的理论研究

本文根据Nd₂Fe₁₄B化合物中存有少量巡游电子的基本实验事实,提出了在Nd₂Fe₁₄B中配位子所产生的晶场和巡游电子所产生的电场共同造成了Nd离子磁晶各向异性的理论模型。提出并解决了计算巡游电子同中心Nd离子相互作用的理论方法。在同时考虑Nd离子所受配位子的晶场和巡游电子的电场的作用情况下,用单离子模型计算了Nd₂Fe₁₄B中Nd离子所产生的磁晶各向异性及其随温度的变化。所 关键词：     

固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射

简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型，该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的，后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进，从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件，其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量，文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式，介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。     

四气门发动机可变涡流稀薄燃烧特性研究

本文研究了可变涡流对四气门发动机稀薄燃烧特性的影响情况。在稀薄燃烧情况下,发动机负荷大小对CO和HC排放的影响不大,对NOx排放的影响主要表现在对13～17空燃比范围内NOx排放的影响,负荷越大,NOx排放越大;对空燃比小于13或大于17以后的NOx排放影响较小。阀片位置对发动机排放特性的影响较小,对发动机的燃油经济性存在一定影响,这是因为不同阀片位置的进气涡流比不同所致,同时也表明较强的涡流运动对燃油经济性更有利。涡流运动在不同转速条件下对发动机燃油经济性的影响情况不同,它更有利于改善低速条件下的燃油经济性。     

外腔反馈对半导体激光器振荡特性的影响

通过有效反射系数的引入，根据激光谐振腔的自再现条件和对腔内光子密度、载流子密度方程的求解，分析了外腔反馈对半导体激光器的阈值增益、振荡频率和输出功率等振荡特性的影响，并通过实验进行了验证.外腔反馈后，半导体激光器的阈值电流从420mA降为370mA，输出功率的斜率效率获得了提高，理论计算的输出功率曲线与实验结果符合的很好. 关键词： 半导体激光器 外腔反馈 振荡特性     

147Pm激发的ZnS：Cu,Cl发光粉的研究

以高纯ZnS粉末为基质,采用高温转相、扩散,以及表面涂敷工艺,制得了¹⁴⁷Pm激发的ZnS:Cu,Cl发光粉。分析了ZnS:Cu,Cl的晶体结构,测量了ZnS:Cu,Cl的激发光谱、发射光谱、发光亮度。其晶体结构主要是六方纤锌矿型结构,激发光谱峰值波长为341nm,发射光谱峰值波长为513nm,初始发光亮度达到312mcd/m₂。由激发光谱的峰值波长341nm推算得到六方ZnS晶体的禁带宽度为3.64eV。分析了¹⁴⁷Pm激发的ZnS:Cu,Cl发光粉的发光寿命,其发光寿命达到5年以上。还探讨了该放射性发光粉的发光机理。¹⁴⁷Pm激发的ZnS:Cu,Cl的稳定发光,实际上是激发过程与复合过程的准平衡。ZnS:Cu,Cl的绿色发光来源于深施主-深受主对的复合发射。实验结果的分析表明,ZnS:Cu,Cl中深施主-深受主之间的能级间隔约为2.42eV。